Jul 20

If you’ve been following my skeptical adventures, you know I have attended the Amazing Meeting 6 (organized by the James Randi Educational Foundation) about a month ago in Las Vegas. Not only have I had a blast and met lots of wonderful people, but I also had the privilege of doing a LIVE experiment with none other than Australian Skeptic’s Richard Saunders.

This was an awesome experiment in an already awesome convention. Don’t forget to check out the JREF website for the DVDs and extras from TAM6. Richard Saunders’ many projects can be checked out through the Australian Skeptics website and the Tank Podcast.

What’s Goind On?

When you convert a 3-dimensional object (a face, for example) into a 2-dimentional surface (a page, for example), your end result is stretched and distorted. The reason lies in the curvature of the 3-d object you are trying to copy: The curvatures that give your face the shape it has (your nose, your mouth, your ears), will appear longer when stretched to a flat surface.

What is the Shroud of Turin?

The shroud of Turin is a piece of linen that seems to bear an image of a man lying with his hands in his lap. Some religious groups claim that the image is, in fact, the image of Jesus after his crucifixion.

Whether or not this shroud is real (Scientific examination of the fabric and impressions on it show it is dated much after it is supposed to exist to be authentic), the image that is transcribed on it is interesting. Missing the impression of the face on it is quite hard, and explaining it away with ’simple’ paraedolia doesn’t seem to do it justice.

But if we take our experiment to mind, this image seems to get a different perspective - literally. Take a look at the above drawing, for example, (by Giulio Clovio), depicting Jesus being wrapped in a shroud after his crucifixion. If, truly, this cloth covered the face and body of a man (any man, for that matter), then the impression should not have appeared as a face at all, it should have appeared distorted. A relatively simple test - print out the image, then fold it in half along the nose line - casts some doubt by itself on the existence of a human model for this image.

How are flat maps made?

The creation of a flat map is similar, but not exactly the same as what you have seen in the video. Since distorted maps are quite useless, the drawing of a flat map uses a technique called “Map Projection”. Essentially, the glove is divided into equal squares which are also drawn on a flat surface map. Each square is copied in exact details to the corresponding square in the flat map.

There are several types of such projections, depending on the type of map you need.

An “Equidistant” projection creates a map that has equal distances from the center (equator). A “Zenithal” projection is one that maintains accurate directions.

In general, a flat map is not the accurate depiction of the way our planet looks. It can’t be, because our planet is spherical. But a map projection, at least, makes the conversion slightly more accurate, and easier for our brain to calculate distances and shapes.

More information about the creation of flat maps out of the curvature of our planet can be found in this website (also on the ‘extra resources’ section at the bottom of this page).

Thanks (Original Idea Credit)

Thanks to Edtharan from ScienceForums.net for this idea!

Extra Resources

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: ,

Jul 07

I don’t know what about you, but I have a box I keep my change in. I’ve bene thinking for a while what I can do with that change - buy a boat, rent a jetski, get a trip on those cool X-Planes that go up to space, etc etc. Big plans for small money, I know, but.. I’ll keep on dreaming.

Now, though, you too have something to do with your extra nickels and pennies you keep safe for future plans: You can do science with them! Yay!

So, this experiment is very simple and fun, and I wanted to do it a bit different than what you probably already know (and what I ended up doing eventually in the video). When I was roaming around the internet looking for more ideas and information, I saw this picture and decided I should try it out (even though I had no doubt, in this case).

Okay, so maybe I went a bit too far with my love for fun: after all, who knew those ice boxes fight back. I didn’t.

But we can learn a lot from this experiment, as well as this experience. We will start with the scientific principles. Then, we’ll go on to my flying metal clips. Pooooiiing.

What you need?

  • Pennies.
  • Nickels.
  • Salt water (just mix water with about 2 table spoons of salt)
  • Tissue paper.
  • Voltmeter or LED or small light bulb - anything that will prove to you that there is voltage in this spare change tower.
  • Depending on your tower-building skills, you may need copper wires.

What do you do?

To create a difference in potentials (which will lead to the existence of voltage and ‘power up’ your lightbulb/LED/voltmeter) you need to create a small tower, alternating a penny, a tissue paper soaked with saltwater and a nickel.

Penny -> saltwater -> Nickel -> saltwater -> Penny -> saltwater -> Nickel … and so on.

Easy!

Note: Make sure you have access to the bottom of the pile. By the time I finished building my little spare-change tower I found out I can’t reach the bottom of the pile to check for voltage, and had to squeeze in another bit of copper wire. If you need one, get it, but if you “play” it right (like, put the first penny sticking out a little) you can do it without any wires at all.

What’s going on?

When we put table salt in water we create a mixture that is electrically conductive. The saltwater mixture is an electrolyte. An electrolyte is a substance that has free ions and conducts electricity.

The electrolyte reacts with different metals, allowing for an exchange of electrons from the metal to the solution. But different metals react differently. A Nickel is made of approximately 75% Copper and 25% Nickel. A Penny has about 97% Zinc and 3% Copper. The difference between the metals causes a difference in reactions to the electrolyte.

This difference creates a difference in electrical potential, which is voltage. And it can light up your lightbulb, your LED or show the difference on a voltmeter.

A bit of History

This experiment, or something very close to it, was done by Alessandro Volta, who created the first cell battery.

In his experiment, he alternated plates of Zinc with plates of Copper, with an electrolyte substance between them (He used either saltwater or sulfuric acid), and created the first cell battery.

This type of battery, however, is short-lived. The voltage stops when the chemical reaction creates hydrogen bubbles that (initially help the procedure, but) later form a sort of ‘barrier’ to one of the metal electrodes. It is also not very safe (and not necessarily due to what you’ve wittnessed in the video) because sulfuric acid is quite dangerous, even when diluted.

But it was certainly the start for the batteries we have today, that operate on the exact same principle!

What happened in my first try?

Okay, so you’ve seen the video and you’re laughing. Great. Glad I could brighten your day with my mishaps. But now what? Does that mean you can’t do it? Probably not. The method of connecting the “electrodes” (spare change) to the walls of the ice box should work just fine, as long as you have enough time to mess with it. I was fighting against the clock, as the sun was setting and the lighting in my apartment is quite poor when dark.

But take your time, try this method out, and let me know if you got it, it seems like fun!

About Experimental Errors

We’re talked before about experimental errors, but I think this experiment (and the “blooper” that accompanied it) is a good chance to state one, very important, issue about science and experimentation:

Mistakes are very important.

We learn from our mistakes. It sounds so repetitive, I know, you’ve heard it from your kindergarden teacher a billion times, but it’s true, and it’s even truer for science. Experimental errors should be examined and analyzed. It may be the equipment, it may be the settings, it may be that it’s not an error at all but a brand new discovery you are going to win the Nobel prize for.

Mistakes happen. The important thing is to understand why they happen.

This is also why true scientists (in true labs) never settle for a single experiment. The experiments are always repeated, over and over, but multiple people. Then, they are analyzed - mistakes and all - and summarized. Then, other scientists from other labs look at the experiment and result and try to repeat them too. If the experiment can be repeated with similar (or same) results, then it is probably actually indicative. If other scientists cannot repeat the experiment, there is a big problem with the suggested conclusion.

This is part of the scientific method.

In my videos I am showing you simple demonstrations of scientific phenomena. This is, by no means, a replacement for actual scientific experiments in labs. I will probably never be able to get actual significat results that affect the scientific community (or the way we live and think) by recording a once-performed experiment at my house. But that’s also not my intended purpose.

I don’t mean to give you “new” radical answers, I mean to give a taste of waht science is about, and how you can check these principles and prove them for yourselves at your own home without going to a fancy lab, or spending lots of time for a PhD. Not that PhDs aren’t important..

Take these videos as examples of what and how things are done, and what the scientific method is all about. Other than being fun (and sometimes funny), these experiments can show you that if you can reach a relatively accurate conclusion at your own home, then true laboratories doing the same (or similar) experiments with much better and more accurate equipment can get much better and more accurate results. But at least now you know how they do it.

More References

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , , ,

Jun 01

Yes, yes, I seem to have an affinity towards bending stuff, specifically wet stuff. Last time I bent a laser beam using water, and this time I’m going to magically bend water using a plastic comb.

Science magic! Okay, well, it’s not quite magic, it’s science magic, which means it has (as always) a perfectly good explanation to it. But - can you guess it?

Continue reading »

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , , ,

Apr 13

Notice: This experiment is incomplete, and unclear. There were several attempts to correctly state the situation, but at the moment, a new re-make is planned to explain exactly and thoroughly what is happening to create this phenomenon.

Well, this is going to be sweet, short and to the point: Fire in closed spaces can really suck.

Ha, I was dying to use that pun for a while now, and here I had the chance. This experiment is a really short and sweet one, and can join your mental arsenal of “party tricks” for the partying geeks. It can really impress anyone, and from now on - you are going to know what makes this happen.

Ready?

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , , , , ,

Apr 05

The human body is an incredible machine. Though far from being perfect, we have evolved to what we are today through a process that took millions of years of mutation and natural selection.

There is one little piece of us, though, that holds the secret to our existence, and the history of our species: The DNA.

My main interest is usually physics and astronomy, but I have always been fascinated by that double-helix molecule and its meaning, both philosophically and realistically; since the beginning of Genetics the human race have progressed exponentially. It’s just, simply, amazing.

So when the “rogues” of “The Skeptic’s Guide to the Universe” Podcast debated the history of DNA discoveries, I decided it is time for some biology experiment.

I am about to show you how to extract your own DNA from your own bodies in your own kitchen. Yourselves.

It’s aliiiiiiiiiive!

Continue reading »

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , ,

Mar 30

Water is dense. Alcohol is Dense. But they’re not the same density, no siree. They’re differently densed. Which means we can use that to our advantage. And we do, in this experiment.

Well, this is more of a “Show off your geektitude” physics trick that will amaze and enchant your buddies anywhere! Okay, well, maybe not anywhere. Or anyone. But it is geeky, I promise. And will get you some attention.

And it’s cool.

And it’s useful. For parties.

I can switch the contents of two glasses without using a third glass. Yes, I can. Don’t believe me? Well - When in doubt, try it out!

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , , ,

Mar 23

If I sail a ship to the far far seas, continue on, and on, and on and– well, you got the point. Where will I find myself? Well, if I travel in a more-or-less straight line (ignoring weather or geography, or time constraints, or my pending homework) I will end up right where I started. Why? Because the Earth is round. Duh.

Today we have a lot of sophisticated (and simple) methods of calculating the curvature and size of the earth. But how did humanity figure this out in the first place? I mean.. it’s so easy, without the help of satellites, airplanes and Jules Verne, to look at the flat horizon and mistake the earth for a flat table top. How could anyone figure out not only that the world is not flat, but also calculate the size of its radius?

Well, when in doubt, try it out. Hey.. I think I like that motto. It’s rhyming, and rhymes are usually true. Just ask Dr Seuss.

Plus.. it works! Continue reading »

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , , ,

Mar 16

It’s Goo! It’s Solid! It’s Goo! It’s Solid! It’s— both???

My mom always told me never to play with my food, but in this case, I think even she will agree to make an exception. Not only am I going to play with this food, you should too. It’s way too fun to pass on.

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , , , ,

Mar 09

All super-thieves know that lasers go straight. It’s the tenet of their masterplan to jump over, crawl under and squeeze between those annoying laser beams around whatever-it-is they are interested in stealing. It can take them weeks to study the angles and train to spray dust over it so they can see them. Talented thieves.

I wonder what would their world look like if they knew that light can be bent. Well, in huge distances (like space) light is bent with gravit, which is pretty cool, but it takes a big body of mass and quite a large distance to do that. I am not going to travel light years to see light bend. I’m going to do it in my own bathroom. You can too. In your own bathroom. Continue reading »

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , , , , , ,

Mar 02

You probably hear this every day, that weird phenomenon sounds makes when it whooshes you by quickly. In fact, the entire ‘whoosh’ effect - that ‘zzzzzzzzzzzhoooooooom!’ that seems all children are familiar with and use as a description for a passing car is a great hint that something is going on.

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written by mooeypoo \\ tags: , , , ,